Imagining as an Observer

[Daniel E.]

Imagining as an Observer: Manipulating Visual Perspective in Obsessional Imagery | SpringerLink
14 February 2019

Mental images may be experienced in field (first-person) or observer (third-person) perspective. Compared to field, observer perspective has been shown to be less sensorially and emotionally evocative. Previous research suggested that images in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) are predominately experienced in field perspective. We examined the impact of visual perspective on response to intrusive obsessional images, using autobiographical memory images as a control stimulus. Undergraduates (N = 153) imagined idiosyncratic obsessional scenarios and negative memories from their natural visual perspective, then re-imagined them from a field or observer perspective. At baseline, field perspective was positively associated with vividness and distress and OCD symptoms were associated with an observer perspective. Participants shifted to observer [third-person] perspective reported reduced vividness of the obsessional image, whereas those shifted to field [first-person] reported increased anxiety associated with the obsessional image. Memories showed a similar, but not identical, pattern of results. We discuss implications for imagery in OCD.

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[Daniel E.]

The Four Steps - Dr Jeffrey Schwartz - Brain Lock

We have used the concept of the "Impartial Spectator," developed by 18th-century philosopher Adam Smith, to help you understand more clearly what you are actually achieving while performing the Four Steps of cognitive biobehavioral therapy. Smith described the Impartial Spectator as being like a person inside us who we carry around at all times, a person aware of all our feelings, states, and circumstances. Once we make the effort to strengthen the Impartial Spectator's perspective, we can call up our own Impartial Spectator at any time and literally watch ourselves in action. In other words, we can witness our own actions and feelings as someone not involved would, as a disinterested observer. As Smith described it, "We suppose ourselves the spectators of our own behaviour" He understood that keeping the perspective of the Impartial Spectator clearly in mind, which is essentially the same as using mindful awareness, is hard work, especially under painful circumstances, and requires the "utmost and most fatiguing exertions." The hard work of which he wrote seems closely related to the intense efforts you must make in performing the Four Steps.