David Baxter PhD
Late Founder
Using Mindfulness for Bipolar Disorder
By Shamash Alidina, author of Mindfulness For Dummies
Bipolar Beat
April 14, 2011
Mindfulness is a meditation therapy that uses self-control techniques to overcome negative thoughts and emotions and achieve a calmer, more focused state of mind – a moment-to-moment awareness with qualities of kindness, curiosity, and acceptance.
Mindfulness was originally an ancient eastern approach to wellbeing that has been found, through recent psychological research, to be a powerful way of managing a range of mental health conditions.
The great thing about mindfulness is that it’s not only a technique you practice now or then, but a way of living your whole life, moment by moment. People who practice mindfulness regularly find they are more focused, calm, and better able to cope with the challenges of life.
Observing thoughts instead of reacting to them
In mindfulness, you learn to see thoughts as just thoughts rather than as facts or situations you must react to. Thoughts commonly come and go in the mind, and if you treat all thoughts as true and assign them all the same level of importance, you’re more prone to feel down in the midst of negative or self-judgmental thoughts and highly elated in the midst of positive thoughts. This rollercoaster ride of emotions and energy often seems to trace the same path as bipolar disorder’s ups and downs.
By practicing mindfulness, you notice that both types of thoughts are just thoughts, and you don’t need to react to them or even give them your full attention. After all, thoughts arise merely out of your perception of reality or are borne out of your own thought process. You’re not required to give them the full status of being true. Mindfulness involves watching thoughts and stepping back from them – like watching clouds passing through the sky. This enables you to become a disinterested observer, and thoughts lose some of their control over your emotions.
Switching modes of mind
Mindfulness also emphasizes learning to switch modes of mind. Normally you operate in “doing mode,” which is all about setting goals and trying to achieve them. Many people get stuck in this mode and never realize they have the option of shifting to “being mode,” which is all about allowing and accepting things just as they are, rather than working hard to change them.
Being mode is particularly helpful in the realm of emotions. If you’re feeling sad and don’t accept it, you can end up fighting to change the experience. This can lead to a deeper feeling of sadness and trigger a negative thought cycle. By being with the experience and mindfully accepting the emotion, you allow the feeling to dissipate in its own time.
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for depression
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) was developed about 10 years ago as a treatment for recurring depression. MBCT teaches participants the skills that enable them to be more aware of their thoughts without judgment, viewing negative (as well as positive and neutral) thoughts as passing mental events rather than as facts. Research found that an eight-week course in MBCT resulted in a 50 percent reduction in depressive relapse (compared to treatment as usual) for those who had three or more previous episodes of depression. As a result, the National Health Service in the UK now recommends MBCT as the treatment of choice for those who have suffered from three or more depressive episodes.
MBCT is now being rapidly researched for a range of different mental health conditions, including bipolar disorder. Preliminary research published in 2008 by Professor Mark Williams, one of the developers of MBCT, has shown promising results. Researchers studied a small randomized group of people with bipolar disorder in remission. They found an immediate reduction in levels of anxiety for the group compared to those who didn’t receive the MBCT training. Also both bipolar and unipolar participants with MBCT had a reduction in symptoms of depression compared to those who didn’t.
Another experiment on MBCT for bipolar was carried out on 2 groups at Oxford University, UK, and 2 groups at the University of Colorado, USA. These were small groups but again results were promising, showing reduction in depressive symptoms and thoughts about suicide, and to a lesser extent, a reduction in anxiety and manic symptoms.
Mindfulness in managing bipolar disorder
Mindfulness looks like a potentially effective way of managing bipolar disorder, especially the depressive pole, which may be the most difficult to treat with medication alone. Mindfulness exercises and meditations are useful for people with bipolar disorder (manic depression) because mindfulness:
Learn more about mindfulness
To find out more, you can read my book, Mindfulness For Dummies, which comes with over one hour of guided mindfulness exercises on CD.
You may also wish to read The Mindful Way through Depression by Williams, Teasdale, and Segal, who developed MBCT.
References
By Shamash Alidina, author of Mindfulness For Dummies
Bipolar Beat
April 14, 2011
Mindfulness is a meditation therapy that uses self-control techniques to overcome negative thoughts and emotions and achieve a calmer, more focused state of mind – a moment-to-moment awareness with qualities of kindness, curiosity, and acceptance.
Mindfulness was originally an ancient eastern approach to wellbeing that has been found, through recent psychological research, to be a powerful way of managing a range of mental health conditions.
The great thing about mindfulness is that it’s not only a technique you practice now or then, but a way of living your whole life, moment by moment. People who practice mindfulness regularly find they are more focused, calm, and better able to cope with the challenges of life.
Observing thoughts instead of reacting to them
In mindfulness, you learn to see thoughts as just thoughts rather than as facts or situations you must react to. Thoughts commonly come and go in the mind, and if you treat all thoughts as true and assign them all the same level of importance, you’re more prone to feel down in the midst of negative or self-judgmental thoughts and highly elated in the midst of positive thoughts. This rollercoaster ride of emotions and energy often seems to trace the same path as bipolar disorder’s ups and downs.
By practicing mindfulness, you notice that both types of thoughts are just thoughts, and you don’t need to react to them or even give them your full attention. After all, thoughts arise merely out of your perception of reality or are borne out of your own thought process. You’re not required to give them the full status of being true. Mindfulness involves watching thoughts and stepping back from them – like watching clouds passing through the sky. This enables you to become a disinterested observer, and thoughts lose some of their control over your emotions.
Switching modes of mind
Mindfulness also emphasizes learning to switch modes of mind. Normally you operate in “doing mode,” which is all about setting goals and trying to achieve them. Many people get stuck in this mode and never realize they have the option of shifting to “being mode,” which is all about allowing and accepting things just as they are, rather than working hard to change them.
Being mode is particularly helpful in the realm of emotions. If you’re feeling sad and don’t accept it, you can end up fighting to change the experience. This can lead to a deeper feeling of sadness and trigger a negative thought cycle. By being with the experience and mindfully accepting the emotion, you allow the feeling to dissipate in its own time.
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for depression
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) was developed about 10 years ago as a treatment for recurring depression. MBCT teaches participants the skills that enable them to be more aware of their thoughts without judgment, viewing negative (as well as positive and neutral) thoughts as passing mental events rather than as facts. Research found that an eight-week course in MBCT resulted in a 50 percent reduction in depressive relapse (compared to treatment as usual) for those who had three or more previous episodes of depression. As a result, the National Health Service in the UK now recommends MBCT as the treatment of choice for those who have suffered from three or more depressive episodes.
MBCT is now being rapidly researched for a range of different mental health conditions, including bipolar disorder. Preliminary research published in 2008 by Professor Mark Williams, one of the developers of MBCT, has shown promising results. Researchers studied a small randomized group of people with bipolar disorder in remission. They found an immediate reduction in levels of anxiety for the group compared to those who didn’t receive the MBCT training. Also both bipolar and unipolar participants with MBCT had a reduction in symptoms of depression compared to those who didn’t.
Another experiment on MBCT for bipolar was carried out on 2 groups at Oxford University, UK, and 2 groups at the University of Colorado, USA. These were small groups but again results were promising, showing reduction in depressive symptoms and thoughts about suicide, and to a lesser extent, a reduction in anxiety and manic symptoms.
Mindfulness in managing bipolar disorder
Mindfulness looks like a potentially effective way of managing bipolar disorder, especially the depressive pole, which may be the most difficult to treat with medication alone. Mindfulness exercises and meditations are useful for people with bipolar disorder (manic depression) because mindfulness:
- Decreases the relapse rate for depression.
- Reduces stress and anxiety, which contribute significantly to the onset of both mania and depression and may worsen the course of the illness.
- Improves a person’s ability to manage thoughts and feelings and increases awareness of the way the person tends to internalize external stimuli.
Learn more about mindfulness
To find out more, you can read my book, Mindfulness For Dummies, which comes with over one hour of guided mindfulness exercises on CD.
You may also wish to read The Mindful Way through Depression by Williams, Teasdale, and Segal, who developed MBCT.
References
- “Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in bipolar disorder: Preliminary evaluation of immediate effects on between-episode functioning,” J.M.G. Williams et al., Journal of Affective Disorders, Volume 107, Issue 1, April 2008.
- “A Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Bipolar Disorder,” David J. Miklowitz, et al., International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2009.
- Innovations and Advances in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy edited by Danielle Einstein, Chapter 3, “Mindfulness Meditation and Bipolar Disorder,” by Jillian Ball, Justine Corry, and Philip Mitchell.
